General Organic Chemistry MCQ Questions & Answers in Organic Chemistry | Chemistry

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TIPS/Formulae :
(i) The inductive effect decreases with increase in distance of halogen atom from the carboxylic group and hence the strength of acid proportionally decreases.
(ii) The acidity increases with the increase in electronegativity of the halogen present.
Smallest dissociation constant means weakest acid, which is $$BrC{H_2}C{H_2}COOH$$    because here $$Br$$ ( less electronegative than F ) is two carbon atoms away from $$ - COOH.$$

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In moving down a group, the basicity and nucleophilicity are inversely related, i.e. nucleophilicity increases while basicity decreases. In going from left to right across a period, the basicity and nucleophilicity are directly related. Both of the characteristics decrease as the electronegativity of the atom bearing lone pair of electrons increases. If the nucleophilic centre of two or more species is same, nucleophilicity parallels basicity, i.e, more basic the species, stronger is its nucleophilicity. Hence based on the above facts, the correct order of nucleophilicity will be

The optically inactive compound must contains achiral carbon atom$$(s).$$  Option (D) contains achiral carbon atom

The reaction (C) is Hoffmann elimination

Since the leaving group breaks away as a base, it is easier to displace weaker bases as compared to stronger bases. Thus less basic the substituent, the more easily it is displaced.
Since the basic strength of the given groups is in order.
$${I^ - } < B{r^ - } < C{l^ - }$$
Thus the order of halogen leaving groups is $${I^ - } > B{r^ - } > C{l^ - }$$

If number of $$\sigma $$  bonds = 2; hybridisation is $$sp.$$
If number of $$\sigma $$  bonds = 3; hybridisation is $$s{p^2}.$$
If number of $$\sigma $$ bonds = 4; hybridisation is $$s{p^3}.$$

Key Idea Alkyl halides are more reactive towards nucleophilic substitution. Reactivity depends upon the stability of carbocation intermediate formed.
Among the given halides, aryl halide $$\left( {{C_6}{H_5}X} \right)$$   is least reactive towards nucleophile, due to the four possible reason
(i) Reasonance effect
(ii) Hybridisation
(iii) Unstability of phenyl cation
(iv) Double bond character
$$C-X$$  bond acquire some double bond character due to resonance. Presence of electron withdrawing groups like $$ - N{O_2}$$  at $$ortho$$  and $$para$$  - positions facilitate the nucleophilic displacement of $$-X$$  of aryl halide. Among alkyl halides, $${3^ \circ }$$ halides are more reactive as compared to $${2^ \circ }$$ halides due to the formation of more stable carbocation. Hence, the order of reactivity of $$C-X$$  bond towards nucleophile is as