Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure MCQ Questions & Answers in Inorganic Chemistry | Chemistry
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211.
Atomic orbitals of carbon in carbon dioxide are
A
$$s{p^2}$$ - hybridised
B
$$s{p^3}d$$ - hybridised
C
$$sp$$ - hybridised
D
$$s{p^3}$$ - hybridised
Answer :
$$sp$$ - hybridised
$$\eqalign{
& {C_{{\text{excited}}\,\,{\text{state}}}} = 2{s^1}2p_x^1p_y^1p_z^1 \cr
& {O_{{\text{ground}}\,\,{\text{state}}}} = 2{s^2}2p_x^2p_y^1p_z^1 \cr} $$
In carbon dioxide $$C$$ is $$sp$$ hybridised and $$O$$ is $$s{p^2}$$ hybridised. $$sp$$ hybridised orbitals of carbon atom overlap with two $$p$$ orbitals of two oxygen atoms to form 2 $$sigma$$ bond and remaining $$p$$ - electrons ( unhybridised $$p$$ - orbital ) will be used to form $$pi$$ bonds.
212.
Which of the following statements is true about hybridisation?
A
The hybridised orbitals have different energies for each orbital.
B
The number of hybrid orbitals is equal to the number of atomic orbitals that are hybridised.
C
Hybrid orbitals form multiple bonds.
D
The orbitals with different energies undergo hybridisation.
Answer :
The number of hybrid orbitals is equal to the number of atomic orbitals that are hybridised.
The number of orbitals which hybridise remains same after the hybridisation also. e.g.,
213.
The hydrogen bond is strongest in :
A
$$O - H......S$$
B
$$S - H.......O$$
C
$$F - H......F$$
D
$$F - H.......O$$
Answer :
$$F - H......F$$
NOTE : Greater the difference between electronegativities of two covalently bonded atoms more will be strength of hydrogen bond.
∴ $$F - H......F$$ bond is strongest due to largest difference in electronegativity of atoms and smallest size of $$F$$ atom.
214.
What is the formal charge on carbon atom in the following two structures :
A
0, - 2
B
0, 0
C
+ 2, -2
D
+ 1, - 1
Answer :
0, 0
Formal charge on $$C$$ atom = Valence electrons - Lone pair of electrons $$ - {1 \over 2}$$ × Bonding electron
$$\eqalign{
& = 4 - 0 - {1 \over 2} \times 8 \cr
& = 0 \cr} $$
Similarly, formal charge on $$C$$ atom in other structure = 0
215.
Among the following chloro-compound having the lowest dipole moment is
A
B
C
D
Answer :
Dipole moment $$\left( \mu \right) = 0$$
216.
Which of the following statements is not correct?
A
Double bond is shorter than a single bond
B
Sigma bond is weaker than a $$\pi $$ -bond
C
Double bond is stronger than a single bond
D
Covalent bond is stronger than hydrogen bond
Answer :
Sigma bond is weaker than a $$\pi $$ -bond
Sigma bond is always stronger than $$\pi $$ -bond because the extent of overlapping is maximum in sigma bond formation.
217.
The correct order of increasing bond angles in the following species is
A
$$C{l_2}O < Cl{O_2} < ClO_2^ - $$
B
$$Cl{O_2} < C{l_2}O < ClO_2^ - $$
C
$$C{l_2}O < ClO_2^ - < Cl{O_2}$$
D
$$ClO_2^ - < C{l_2}O < Cl{O_2}$$
Answer :
$$ClO_2^ - < C{l_2}O < Cl{O_2}$$
According to $$VSEPR$$ theory repulsion order
$$lp - lp > lp - bp > bp - bp$$ Key Idea As the number of lone pairs of electrons increases, bond angle decreases due to repulsion between $$lp - lp.$$ Moreover, as the electronegativity of central atom decreases, bond angle decreases.
Hence, the order of bond angle is
( $$Cl$$ is less electronegative as compared to $$O$$ ).
218.
Among the following ions the $$p\pi - d\pi $$ overlap could be present in
A
$$NO_2^ - $$
B
$$NO_3^ - $$
C
$$PO_4^{3 - }$$
D
$$CO_3^{2 - }$$
Answer :
$$PO_4^{3 - }$$
In $$P–O$$ bond, $$\pi $$ bond is formed by the sidewise overlapping of $$d$$ - orbital of $$P$$ and $$p$$-orbital of oxygen. Hence it is formed by
$$p\pi $$ and $$d\pi $$ overlapping.
219.
Among $$LiCl,BeC{l_2},BC{l_3}$$ and $$CC{l_4},$$ the covalent bond character follows the order
The electronegativity increases from left to right in any period, so the electronegativity follows the order
$$Li < Be < B < C$$
and hence, the covalent character of chlorides of these elements increase from $$Li$$ to $$C$$ because size of cation left to right decreases and according to Fajans’ rule covalent character increases.
220.
Which of the following statements is not true?
A
Intermolecular hydrogen bonds are formed between two different molecules of compounds.
B
Intramolecular hydrogen bonds are formed between two different molecules of the same compound.
C
Intramolecular hydrogen bonds are formed within the same molecule.
D
Hydrogen bonds have strong influence on the physical properties of a compound.
Answer :
Intramolecular hydrogen bonds are formed between two different molecules of the same compound.
Intramolecular hydrogen bonds are formed within the same molecule.